Ronin
浪人
ろうにん
Students who do not pass university entrance examinations at their first opportunity while they are in senior high school and who continue to study for the next entrance exams after graduating are called ronin. Ronin originally referred to samurai who were not attached to any domain during the feudal period--often translated as "masterless samurai"--and the term is applied to such students because they are not attached to any high school or university. The first year is known as ichiro, the second year as niro, etc. Many attend preparatory schools full time in order to prepare for the next examination.
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